(anchored) indicates whether the copy text shows the exact place of reference for the note. (target end) points to the end of the span to which the note is attached, if the note is not embedded in the text at that point. indicates the person, or group of people, to whom the element content is ascribed. provides an externally-defined means of identifying the entity (or entities) being named, using a coded value of some kind. (reference) provides an explicit means of locating a full definition or identity for the entity being named by means of one or more URIs. identifies the unit of information conveyed by the element. Suggested values include: 1] volume (volume); 2] issue; 3] page (page); 4] line; 5] chapter (chapter); 6] part; 7] column; 8] entry (volume) the element contains a volume number. the element contains an issue number, or volume and issue numbers. (page) the element contains a page number or page range. the element contains a line number or line range. (chapter) the element contains a chapter indication (number and/or title) the element identifies a part of a book or collection. the element identifies a column. the element identifies an entry number or label in a list of entries. (generated by) categorizes how the content of an element was generated in a CMC environment. Suggested values include: 1] human; 2] template; 3] system; 4] bot; 5] unspecified the content was naturally typed or spoken by a human user the content was generated after a human user activated a template for its insertion the content was generated by the system, i.e. the CMC environment the content was generated by a bot, i.e. a non-human agent, typically one that is not part of the CMC environment itself the content was generated by an unknown or unspecified process supplies the value of the date or time in a standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. specifies the earliest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. specifies the latest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. indicates the starting point of the period in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. indicates the ending point of the period in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. indicates whether or not this element is selected by default when its parent is selected. This element is selected if its parent is selected This element can only be selected explicitly, unless it is the only one of its kind, in which case it is selected if its parent is selected. describes the status of a document either currently or, when associated with a dated element, at the time indicated. Sample values include: 1] approved; 2] candidate; 3] cleared; 4] deprecated; 5] draft; 6] embargoed; 7] expired; 8] frozen; 9] galley; 10] proposed; 11] published; 12] recommendation; 13] submitted; 14] unfinished; 15] withdrawn indicates the nature of the evidence supporting the reliability or accuracy of the intervention or interpretation. Suggested values include: 1] internal; 2] external; 3] conjecture there is internal evidence to support the intervention. there is external evidence to support the intervention. the intervention or interpretation has been made by the editor, cataloguer, or scholar on the basis of their expertise. indicates whether this is an instant revision or not. specifies whether or not its parent element is fragmented in some way, typically by some other overlapping structure: for example a speech which is divided between two or more verse stanzas, a paragraph which is split across a page division, a verse line which is divided between two speakers. (yes) the element is fragmented in some (unspecified) respect (no) the element is not fragmented, or no claim is made as to its completeness (initial) this is the initial part of a fragmented element (medial) this is a medial part of a fragmented element (final) this is the final part of a fragmented element (rendition) indicates how the element in question was rendered or presented in the source text. contains an expression in some formal style definition language which defines the rendering or presentation used for this element in the source text. points to a description of the rendering or presentation used for this element in the source text. (certainty) signifies the degree of certainty associated with the intervention or interpretation. (responsible party) indicates the agency responsible for the intervention or interpretation, for example an editor or transcriber. specifies the source from which some aspect of this element is drawn. (MIME media type) specifies the applicable multimedia internet mail extension (MIME) media type. (unit) indicates the units used for the measurement, usually using the standard symbol for the desired units. Suggested values include: 1] m (metre); 2] kg (kilogram); 3] s (second); 4] Hz (hertz); 5] Pa (pascal); 6] Ω (ohm); 7] L (litre); 8] t (tonne); 9] ha (hectare); 10] Å (ångström); 11] mL (millilitre); 12] cm (centimetre); 13] dB (decibel); 14] kbit (kilobit); 15] Kibit (kibibit); 16] kB (kilobyte); 17] KiB (kibibyte); 18] MB (megabyte); 19] MiB (mebibyte) (metre) SI base unit of length (kilogram) SI base unit of mass (second) SI base unit of time (hertz) SI unit of frequency (pascal) SI unit of pressure or stress (ohm) SI unit of electric resistance (litre) 1 dm³ (tonne) 10³ kg (hectare) 1 hm² (ångström) 10⁻¹⁰ m (millilitre) (centimetre) (decibel) see remarks, below (kilobit) 10³ or 1000 bits (kibibit) 2¹⁰ or 1024 bits (kilobyte) 10³ or 1000 bytes (kibibyte) 2¹⁰ or 1024 bytes (megabyte) 10⁶ or 1 000 000 bytes (mebibyte) 2²⁰ or 1 048 576 bytes (quantity) specifies the number of the specified units that comprise the measurement (commodity) indicates the substance that is being measured names the notation used for the content of the element. specifies where this item is placed. Suggested values include: 1] top; 2] bottom; 3] margin; 4] opposite; 5] overleaf; 6] above; 7] right; 8] below; 9] left; 10] end; 11] inline; 12] inspace at the top of the page at the foot of the page in the margin (left, right, or both) on the opposite, i.e. facing, page on the other side of the leaf above the line to the right, e.g. to the right of a vertical line of text, or to the right of a figure below the line to the left, e.g. to the left of a vertical line of text, or to the left of a figure at the end of e.g. chapter or volume. within the body of the text. in a predefined space, for example left by an earlier scribe. specifies the destination of the reference by supplying one or more URI References. (evaluate) specifies the intended meaning when the target of a pointer is itself a pointer. if the element pointed to is itself a pointer, then the target of that pointer will be taken, and so on, until an element is found which is not a pointer. if the element pointed to is itself a pointer, then its target (whether a pointer or not) is taken as the target of this pointer. no further evaluation of targets is carried out beyond that needed to find the element specified in the pointer's target. gives a minimum estimated value for the approximate measurement. gives a maximum estimated value for the approximate measurement. where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the minimum value observed. where the measurement summarizes more than one observation or a range, supplies the maximum value observed. (uniform resource locator) specifies the URL from which the media concerned may be obtained. supplies the sort key for this element in an index, list or group which contains it. indicates the end of a span initiated by the element bearing this attribute. identifies the language used to describe the rendition. Cascading Stylesheet Language Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects Informal free text description A user-defined rendition description language characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. (subtype) provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed. names the unit used for the measurement Suggested values include: 1] cm (centimetres); 2] mm (millimetres); 3] in (inches); 4] line; 5] char (characters) (centimetres) (millimetres) (inches) lines of text (characters) characters of text specifies the length in the units specified indicates the size of the object concerned using a project-specific vocabulary combining quantity and units in a single string of words. characterizes the precision of the values specified by the other attributes. where the measurement summarizes more than one observation, specifies the applicability of this measurement. Sample values include: 1] all; 2] most; 3] range (number) gives a number (or other label) for an element, which is not necessarily unique within the document. Where the media are displayed, indicates the display width. Where the media are displayed, indicates the display height. Where the media are displayed, indicates a scale factor to be applied when generating the desired display size. may be used to specify further information about the entity referenced by this name in the form of a set of whitespace-separated values, for example the occupation of a person, or the status of a place. (reference to the canonical name) provides a means of locating the canonical form (nym) of the names associated with the object named by the element bearing it. (function) characterizes the function of the segment. points to a description of the character or glyph intended. indicates whether the pronunciation or orthography applies to all or part of a word. Suggested values include: 1] full (full form); 2] pref (prefix); 3] suff (suffix); 4] inf (infix); 5] part (partial) (full form) (prefix) (suffix) (infix) (partial) indicates whether the name component is given in full, as an abbreviation or simply as an initial. (yes) the name component is spelled out in full. (abbreviated) the name component is given in an abbreviated form. (initial letter) the name component is indicated only by one initial. (sort) specifies the sort order of the name component in relation to others within the name. indicates one or more systems or calendars to which the date represented by the content of this element belongs. (paragraph) marks paragraphs in prose. [3.1. Paragraphs 7.2.5. Speech Contents] (highlighted) marks a word or phrase as graphically distinct from the surrounding text, for reasons concerning which no claim is made. [3.3.2.2. Emphatic Words and Phrases 3.3.2. Emphasis, Foreign Words, and Unusual Language] (quotation) contains a phrase or passage attributed by the narrator or author to some agency external to the text. [3.3.3. Quotation 4.3.1. Grouped Texts] (cited quotation) contains a quotation from some other document, together with a bibliographic reference to its source. In a dictionary it may contain an example text with at least one occurrence of the word form, used in the sense being described, or a translation of the headword, or an example. [3.3.3. Quotation 4.3.1. Grouped Texts 10.3.5.1. Examples] (description) contains a short description of the purpose, function, or use of its parent element, or when the parent is a documentation element, describes or defines the object being documented. [23.4.1. Description of Components] characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. Suggested values include: 1] deprecationInfo (deprecation information) (deprecation information) This element describes why or how its parent element is being deprecated, typically including recommendations for alternate encoding. (gloss) identifies a phrase or word used to provide a gloss or definition for some other word or phrase. [3.4.1. Terms and Glosses 23.4.1. Description of Components] (term) contains a single-word, multi-word, or symbolic designation which is regarded as a technical term. [3.4.1. Terms and Glosses] (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase. [3.6.1. Referring Strings] (electronic mail address) contains an email address identifying a location to which email messages can be delivered. [3.6.2. Addresses] (number) contains a number, written in any form. [3.6.3. Numbers and Measures] supplies the value of the number in standard form. (measure) contains a word or phrase referring to some quantity of an object or commodity, usually comprising a number, a unit, and a commodity name. [3.6.3. Numbers and Measures] specifies the type of measurement in any convenient typology. (date) contains a date in any format. [3.6.4. Dates and Times 2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc. 2.6. The Revision Description 3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information 16.2.3. The Setting Description 14.4. Dates] (abbreviation) contains an abbreviation of any sort. [3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions] (type) allows the encoder to classify the abbreviation according to some convenient typology. Sample values include: 1] suspension (suspension); 2] contraction (contraction); 3] brevigraph; 4] superscription (superscription); 5] acronym (acronym); 6] title (title); 7] organization (organization); 8] geographic (geographic) (expansion) contains the expansion of an abbreviation. [3.6.5. Abbreviations and Their Expansions] (reference) defines a reference to another location, possibly modified by additional text or comment. [3.7. Simple Links and Cross-References 17.1. Links] Suggested values include: 1] entry; 2] sense; 3] bibliography; 4] example (list) contains any sequence of items organized as a list. [3.8. Lists] (type) describes the nature of the items in the list. Suggested values include: 1] gloss (gloss); 2] index (index); 3] instructions (instructions); 4] litany (litany); 5] syllogism (syllogism) (index) each list item is an entry in an index such as the alphabetical topical index at the back of a print volume. (instructions) each list item is a step in a sequence of instructions, as in a recipe. (litany) each list item is one of a sequence of petitions, supplications or invocations, typically in a religious ritual. (syllogism) each list item is part of an argument consisting of two or more propositions and a final conclusion derived from them. (item) contains one component of a list. [3.8. Lists 2.6. The Revision Description] (heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section, or the heading of a list, glossary, manuscript description, etc. [4.2.1. Headings and Trailers] (note) contains a note or annotation. [3.9.1. Notes and Simple Annotation 2.2.6. The Notes Statement 3.12.2.8. Notes and Statement of Language 10.3.5.4. Notes within Entries] (graphic) indicates the location of a graphic or illustration, either forming part of a text, or providing an image of it. [3.10. Graphics and Other Non-textual Components 12.1. Digital Facsimiles] (analytic level) contains bibliographic elements describing an item (e.g. an article or poem) published within a monograph or journal and not as an independent publication. [3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels] (monographic level) contains bibliographic elements describing an item (e.g. a book or journal) published as an independent item (i.e. as a separate physical object). [3.12.2.1. Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels] (author) in a bibliographic reference, contains the name(s) of an author, personal or corporate, of a work; for example in the same form as that provided by a recognized bibliographic name authority. [3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors 2.2.1. The Title Statement] contains a secondary statement of responsibility for a bibliographic item, for example the name of an individual, institution or organization, (or of several such) acting as editor, compiler, translator, etc. [3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors] (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply. May also be used to encode information about individuals or organizations which have played a role in the production or distribution of a bibliographic work. [3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors 2.2.1. The Title Statement 2.2.2. The Edition Statement 2.2.5. The Series Statement] (responsibility) contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's intellectual responsibility, or an organization's role in the production or distribution of a work. [3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors 2.2.1. The Title Statement 2.2.2. The Edition Statement 2.2.5. The Series Statement] (title) contains a title for any kind of work. [3.12.2.2. Titles, Authors, and Editors 2.2.1. The Title Statement 2.2.5. The Series Statement] indicates the bibliographic level for a title, that is, whether it identifies an article, book, journal, series, or unpublished material. (analytic) the title applies to an analytic item, such as an article, poem, or other work published as part of a larger item. (monographic) the title applies to a monograph such as a book or other item considered to be a distinct publication, including single volumes of multi-volume works (journal) the title applies to any serial or periodical publication such as a journal, magazine, or newspaper (series) the title applies to a series of otherwise distinct publications such as a collection (unpublished) the title applies to any unpublished material (including theses and dissertations unless published by a commercial press) groups information relating to the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item. [3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information] (publisher) provides the name of the organization responsible for the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item. [3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information 2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.] (scope of bibliographic reference) defines the scope of a bibliographic reference, for example as a list of page numbers, or a named subdivision of a larger work. [3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations] (cited range) defines the range of cited content, often represented by pages or other units. [3.12.2.5. Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations] (publication place) contains the name of the place where a bibliographic item was published. [3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information] (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged. [3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References 2.2.7. The Source Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements] (structured bibliographic citation) contains a structured bibliographic citation, in which only bibliographic sub-elements appear and in a specified order. [3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References 2.2.7. The Source Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements] (citation list) contains a list of bibliographic citations of any kind. [3.12.1. Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References 2.2.7. The Source Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements] characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. Suggested values include: 1] dictionaries; 2] corpora; 3] literature (normalized) provides the normalized/standardized form of information present in the source text in a non-normalized form. (original) gives the original string or is the empty string when the element does not appear in the source text. provides a lemma (base form) for the word, typically uninflected and serving both as an identifier (e.g. in dictionary contexts, as a headword), and as a basis for potential inflections. provides a pointer to a definition of the lemma for the word, for example in an online lexicon. (part of speech) indicates the part of speech assigned to a token (i.e. information on whether it is a noun, adjective, or verb), usually according to some official reference vocabulary (e.g. for German: STTS, for English: CLAWS, for Polish: NKJP, etc.). when present, provides information on whether the token in question is adjacent to another, and if so, on which side. the token is not adjacent to another there is no whitespace on the left side of the token there is no whitespace on the right side of the token there is no whitespace on either side of the token the token overlaps with another; other devices (specifying the extent and the area of overlap) are needed to more precisely locate this token in the character stream (character) represents a character. [18.1. Linguistic Segment Categories] (punctuation character) contains a character or string of characters regarded as constituting a single punctuation mark. [18.1.2. Below the Word Level 18.4.2. Lightweight Linguistic Annotation] indicates the extent to which this punctuation mark conventionally separates words or phrases. the punctuation mark is a word separator the punctuation mark is not a word separator the punctuation mark may or may not be a word separator provides a name for the kind of unit delimited by this punctuation mark. indicates whether this punctuation mark precedes or follows the unit it delimits. provides the name of the character or glyph property being defined. provides the value of the character or glyph property being defined. specifies the version number of the Unicode Standard in which this property name is defined. Suggested values include: 1] 1.0.1; 2] 1.1; 3] 2.0; 4] 2.1; 5] 3.0; 6] 3.1; 7] 3.2; 8] 4.0; 9] 4.1; 10] 5.0; 11] 5.1; 12] 5.2; 13] 6.0; 14] 6.1; 15] 6.2; 16] 6.3; 17] 7.0; 18] 8.0; 19] 9.0; 20] 10.0; 21] 11.0; 22] 12.0; 23] 12.1; 24] 13.0; 25] 14.0; 26] 15.0; 27] unassigned supplies the name of the character set system from which this property is drawn. Sample values include: 1] Unicode (Unicode); 2] Bridwell (E. Nelson Bridwell); 3] Brewer (Georg Brewer); 4] Doyle (Darren Doyle); 5] Schreyer (Christine Schreyer) (character or glyph) represents a glyph, or a non-standard character. [5. Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes] (character declarations) provides information about nonstandard characters and glyphs. [5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs] (character) provides descriptive information about a character. [5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs] (character glyph) provides descriptive information about a character glyph. [5.2. Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs] (locally defined property) provides a locally defined character (or glyph) property. [5.2.1. Character Properties] (unihan property) holds the name and value of a normative or informative Unihan character (or glyph) property as part of its attributes. [5.2.1. Character Properties] specifies the normalized name of a unicode han database (Unihan) property. specifies the value of a named Unihan property (unicode property) provides a Unicode property for a character (or glyph). [5.2.1. Character Properties] specifies the normalized name of a Unicode property. specifies the value of a named Unicode property. (setting description) describes the setting or settings within which a language interaction takes place, or other places otherwise referred to in a text, edition, or metadata. [16.2. Contextual Information 2.4. The Profile Description] (primary channel) describes the medium or channel by which a text is delivered or experienced. For a written text, this might be print, manuscript, email, etc.; for a spoken one, radio, telephone, face-to-face, etc. [16.2.1. The Text Description] specifies the mode of this channel with respect to speech and writing. (spoken) (written) (spoken to be written) e.g. dictation (written to be spoken) e.g. a script (mixed) (unknown or inapplicable) (domain of use) describes the most important social context in which the text was realized or for which it is intended, for example private vs. public, education, religion, etc. [16.2.1. The Text Description] categorizes the domain of use. Sample values include: 1] art; 2] domestic; 3] religious; 4] business; 5] education (education); 6] govt (government); 7] public (interaction) describes the extent, cardinality and nature of any interaction among those producing and experiencing the text, for example in the form of response or interjection, commentary, etc. [16.2.1. The Text Description] specifies the degree of interaction between active and passive participants in the text. no interaction of any kind, e.g. a monologue some degree of interaction, e.g. a monologue with set responses complete interaction, e.g. a face to face conversation this parameter is inappropriate or inapplicable in this case specifies the number of active participants (or addressors) producing parts of the text. Suggested values include: 1] singular; 2] plural; 3] corporate; 4] unknown a single addressor many addressors a corporate addressor number of addressors unknown or unspecifiable specifies the number of passive participants (or addressees) to whom a text is directed or in whose presence it is created or performed. Suggested values include: 1] self; 2] single; 3] many; 4] group; 5] world text is addressed to the originator e.g. a diary text is addressed to one other person e.g. a personal letter text is addressed to a countable number of others e.g. a conversation in which all participants are identified text is addressed to an undefined but fixed number of participants e.g. a lecture text is addressed to an undefined and indeterminately large number e.g. a published book characterizes a single purpose or communicative function of the text. [16.2.1. The Text Description] specifies a particular kind of purpose. Suggested values include: 1] persuade; 2] express; 3] inform; 4] entertain didactic, advertising, propaganda, etc. self expression, confessional, etc. convey information, educate, etc. amuse, entertain, etc. specifies the extent to which this purpose predominates. Suggested values include: 1] mainEntry; 2] wordFamily; 3] homonymicEntry; 4] relatedEntry (expand) gives an expanded form of information presented more concisely in the dictionary. (split) gives the list of split values for a merged form. (value) gives a value which lacks any realization in the printed source text. (merged into) gives a reference to another element, where the original appears as a merged form. (optional) indicates whether the element is optional or not. Suggested values include: 1] pos; 2] aspect; 3] case; 4] construction; 5] degree; 6] gender; 7] inflectionType; 8] mood; 9] number; 10] tense; 11] valency; 12] collocate (entry) contains a single structured entry in any kind of lexical resource, such as a dictionary or lexicon. [10.1. Dictionary Body and Overall Structure 10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries] groups together all information relating to one word sense in a dictionary entry, for example definitions, examples, and translation equivalents. [10.2. The Structure of Dictionary Entries] (form information group) groups all the information on the written and spoken forms of one headword. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms] classifies form as simple, compound, etc. Suggested values include: 1] simple; 2] lemma; 3] variant; 4] compound; 5] derivative; 6] inflected; 7] phrase single free lexical item the headword itself a variant form word formed from simple lexical items word derived from headword word in other than usual dictionary form multiple-word lexical item (orthographic form) gives the orthographic form of a dictionary headword. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms] gives the type of spelling. (pronunciation) contains the pronunciation(s) of the word. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms] (hyphenation) contains a hyphenated form of a dictionary headword, or hyphenation information in some other form. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms] (syllabification) contains the syllabification of the headword. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms] (stress) contains the stress pattern for a dictionary headword, if given separately. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms] (grammatical information) within an entry in a dictionary or a terminological data file, contains grammatical information relating to a term, word, or form. [10.3.2. Grammatical Information] (definition) contains definition text in a dictionary entry. [10.3.3.1. Definitions] (etymology) encloses the etymological information in a dictionary entry. [10.3.4. Etymological Information] (language name) contains the name of a language mentioned in etymological or other linguistic discussion. [10.3.4. Etymological Information] (usage) contains usage information in a dictionary entry. [10.3.5.2. Usage Information and Other Labels] marker which identifies the use of a given lexical unit on a scale from old to new marker which identifies the place or region where a lexical unit is mainly used marker which identifies the use of a given lexical unit by particular social groups and/or in certain types of communicative situations depending on their level of formality marker which identifies the specialized field of knowledge in which a lexical unit is mainly used marker which identifies the relative rate of occurrence of a lexical unit in a given textual context marker which identifies the speaker’s subjective point of view, positive or negative, regarding the object referred to by a given lexical unit marker which identifies the use of a given lexical unit which is in some aspect considered to be non-standard or incorrect marker which identifies a semantic extension of the sense of a given lexical unit marker which identifies the typical use of a lexical unit in a particular discourse type or genre marker which cannot be classified otherwise (label) contains a label for a form, example, translation, or other piece of information, e.g. abbreviation for, contraction of, literally, approximately, synonyms:, etc. [10.3.1. Information on Written and Spoken Forms 10.3.3.2. Translation Equivalents 10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries] classifies the label using any convenient typology. (cross-reference phrase) contains a phrase, sentence, or icon referring the reader to some other location in this or another text. [10.3.5.3. Cross-References to Other Entries] Relation between two lexical units X and Y which are syntactically identical and have the property that any declarative sentence S containing X has equivalent truth conditions to another sentence S’ which is identical to S, except that X is replaced by Y. (Adapted from Cruse (1986).) Relation between lexical units X and Y characterised by the property that the sentence ‘This is a(n) X’ entails, but is not entailed by the sentence ‘This is a(n) Y’. (Adapted from Cruse (1986).) Relation between lexical heads X and Y characterised by the property that the sentence ‘This is a(n) Y’ entails, but is not entailed by the sentence ‘This is a(n) X’. (Adapted from Cruse (1986).) An inclusion relation between lexical heads X and Y which reflect a potential part-whole relation between their referents in discourse. (Adapted from Cruse (2011, p. 140).) The default reference to another lexical unit when no additional information is available. (figure) groups elements representing or containing graphic information such as an illustration, formula, or figure. [15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images] (description of figure) contains a brief prose description of the appearance or content of a graphic figure, for use when documenting an image without displaying it. [15.4. Specific Elements for Graphic Images] (TEI header) supplies descriptive and declarative metadata associated with a digital resource or set of resources. [2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components 16.1. Varieties of Composite Text] (file description) contains a full bibliographic description of an electronic file. [2.2. The File Description 2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components] (title statement) groups information about the title of a work and those responsible for its content. [2.2.1. The Title Statement 2.2. The File Description] (principal researcher) supplies the name of the principal researcher responsible for the creation of an electronic text. [2.2.1. The Title Statement] (edition statement) groups information relating to one edition of a text. [2.2.2. The Edition Statement 2.2. The File Description] (edition) describes the particularities of one edition of a text. [2.2.2. The Edition Statement] (extent) describes the approximate size of a text stored on some carrier medium or of some other object, digital or non-digital, specified in any convenient units. [2.2.3. Type and Extent of File 2.2. The File Description 3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information 11.7.1. Object Description] (publication statement) groups information concerning the publication or distribution of an electronic or other text. [2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc. 2.2. The File Description] (release authority) supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for making a work available, other than a publisher or distributor. [2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.] Suggested values include: 1] funder; 2] sponsor; 3] rightsHolder (identifier) supplies any form of identifier used to identify some object, such as a bibliographic item, a person, a title, an organization, etc. in a standardized way. [14.3.1. Basic Principles 2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc. 2.2.5. The Series Statement 3.12.2.4. Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information] categorizes the identifier, for example as an ISBN, Social Security number, etc. Suggested values include: 1] ISBN; 2] ISSN; 3] DOI; 4] URI; 5] VIAF; 6] ESTC; 7] OCLC International Standard Serial Number: an eight-digit number to uniquely identify a serial publication. Digital Object Identifier: a unique string of letters and numbers assigned to an electronic document. A data number in the Virtual Internet Authority File assigned to link different names in catalogs around the world for the same entity. English Short-Title Catalogue number: an identifying number assigned to a document in English printed in the British Isles or North America before 1801. OCLC control number (record number) for the union catalog record in WorldCat, a union catalog for member libraries in the Online Computer Library Center global cooperative. (availability) supplies information about the availability of a text, for example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright status, any licence applying to it, etc. [2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.] (status) supplies a code identifying the current availability of the text. (free) the text is freely available. (unknown) the status of the text is unknown. (restricted) the text is not freely available. contains information about a licence or other legal agreement applicable to the text. [2.2.4. Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.] (series statement) groups information about the series, if any, to which a publication belongs. [2.2.5. The Series Statement 2.2. The File Description] (notes statement) collects together any notes providing information about a text additional to that recorded in other parts of the bibliographic description. [2.2.6. The Notes Statement 2.2. The File Description] (source description) describes the source(s) from which an electronic text was derived or generated, typically a bibliographic description in the case of a digitized text, or a phrase such as born digital for a text which has no previous existence. [2.2.7. The Source Description] (encoding description) documents the relationship between an electronic text and the source or sources from which it was derived. [2.3. The Encoding Description 2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components] (project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic file was encoded, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected. [2.3.1. The Project Description 2.3. The Encoding Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements] (editorial practice declaration) provides details of editorial principles and practices applied during the encoding of a text. [2.3.3. The Editorial Practices Declaration 2.3. The Encoding Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements] (tagging declaration) provides detailed information about the tagging applied to a document. [2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration 2.3. The Encoding Description] (element usage) documents the usage of a specific element within a specified document. [2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration] specifies the number of occurrences of this element within the text. (namespace) supplies the formal name of the namespace to which the elements documented by its children belong. [2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration] specifies the full formal name of the namespace concerned. (rendition) supplies information about the rendition or appearance of one or more elements in the source text. [2.3.4. The Tagging Declaration] where CSS is used, provides a way of defining pseudo-elements, that is, styling rules applicable to specific sub-portions of an element. Sample values include: 1] first-line; 2] first-letter; 3] before; 4] after (classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory codes used elsewhere in the text. [2.3.7. The Classification Declaration 2.3. The Encoding Description] (taxonomy) defines a typology either implicitly, by means of a bibliographic citation, or explicitly by a structured taxonomy. [2.3.7. The Classification Declaration] (category) contains an individual descriptive category, possibly nested within a superordinate category, within a user-defined taxonomy. [2.3.7. The Classification Declaration] (application information) records information about an application which has edited the TEI file. [2.3.11. The Application Information Element] (text-profile description) provides a detailed description of non-bibliographic aspects of a text, specifically the languages and sublanguages used, the situation in which it was produced, the participants and their setting. [2.4. The Profile Description 2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components] (language usage) describes the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects, etc. represented within a text. [2.4.2. Language Usage 2.4. The Profile Description 16.3.2. Declarable Elements] (language) characterizes a single language or sublanguage used within a text. [2.4.2. Language Usage] Object language is the "language being described." (ISO 16642:2017) Working language is the "language used to describe objects." (ISO 16642:2017) Source language is the language of the content to be translated. (ISO 17100:215) Target language is the language of the content into which source language content is translated. (ISO 17100:215) specifies the approximate percentage of the text which uses this language. (non-TEI metadata) provides a container element into which metadata in non-TEI formats may be placed. [2.5. Non-TEI Metadata] (revision description) summarizes the revision history for a file. [2.6. The Revision Description 2.1.1. The TEI Header and Its Components] (change) documents a change or set of changes made during the production of a source document, or during the revision of an electronic file. [2.6. The Revision Description 2.4.1. Creation 12.7. Identifying Changes and Revisions] (target) points to one or more elements that belong to this change. (corresponds) points to elements that correspond to the current element in some way. (synchronous) points to elements that are synchronous with the current element. points to an element that is the same as the current element. points to an element of which the current element is a copy. (next) points to the next element of a virtual aggregate of which the current element is part. (previous) points to the previous element of a virtual aggregate of which the current element is part. points to elements that are in exclusive alternation with the current element. selects one or more alternants; if one alternant is selected, the ambiguity or uncertainty is marked as resolved. If more than one alternant is selected, the degree of ambiguity or uncertainty is marked as reduced by the number of alternants not selected. (arbitrary segment) represents any segmentation of text below the chunk level. [17.3. Blocks, Segments, and Anchors 6.2. Components of the Verse Line 7.2.5. Speech Contents] supplies the value of a date or time in some custom standard form. specifies the earliest possible date for the event in some custom standard form. specifies the latest possible date for the event in some custom standard form. indicates the starting point of the period in some custom standard form. indicates the ending point of the period in some custom standard form. supplies a pointer to some location defining a named point in time with reference to which the datable item is understood to have occurred. supplies the value of a date or time in a standard form. specifies the earliest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. specifies the latest possible date for the event in standard form, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. indicates the starting point of the period in standard form. indicates the ending point of the period in standard form. (organization name) contains an organizational name. [14.2.2. Organizational Names] (personal name) contains a proper noun or proper-noun phrase referring to a person, possibly including one or more of the person's forenames, surnames, honorifics, added names, etc. [14.2.1. Personal Names] (surname) contains a family (inherited) name, as opposed to a given, baptismal, or nick name. [14.2.1. Personal Names] (forename) contains a forename, given or baptismal name. [14.2.1. Personal Names] (place name) contains an absolute or relative place name. [14.2.3. Place Names] (affiliation) contains an informal description of a person's present or past affiliation with some organization, for example an employer or sponsor. [16.2.2. The Participant Description] characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. Sample values include: 1] sponsor; 2] recommend; 3] discredit; 4] pledged (age) specifies the age of a person. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics] characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. Sample values include: 1] western; 2] sui; 3] subjective; 4] objective; 5] inWorld (in world); 6] chronological; 7] biological; 8] psychological; 9] functional supplies a numeric code representing the age or age group. (education) contains a description of the educational experience of a person. [16.2.2. The Participant Description] characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. Sample values include: 1] primary; 2] secondary; 3] undergraduate; 4] graduate; 5] residency; 6] apprenticeship (faith) specifies the faith, religion, or belief set of a person. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics] characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. Sample values include: 1] practicing; 2] clandestine; 3] patrilineal; 4] matrilineal; 5] convert (floruit) contains information about a person's period of activity. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics] (gender) specifies the gender identity of a person, persona, or character. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics] supplies a coded value for gender identity. characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. Sample values include: 1] listening; 2] speaking; 3] reading; 4] writing supplies one or more valid language tags for the languages specified. (language known) summarizes the state of a person's linguistic competence, i.e., knowledge of a single language. [16.2.2. The Participant Description] supplies a valid language tag for the language concerned. a code indicating the person's level of knowledge for this language. (list of places) contains a list of places, optionally followed by a list of relationships (other than containment) defined amongst them. [2.2.7. The Source Description 14.3.4. Places] (nationality) contains an informal description of a person's present or past nationality or citizenship. [16.2.2. The Participant Description] characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. Sample values include: 1] birth; 2] naturalised; 3] self-assigned (occupation) contains an informal description of a person's trade, profession or occupation. [16.2.2. The Participant Description] characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. Sample values include: 1] primary; 2] other; 3] paid; 4] unpaid (person) provides information about an identifiable individual, for example a participant in a language interaction, or a person referred to in a historical source. [14.3.2. The Person Element 16.2.2. The Participant Description] specifies a primary role or classification for the person. specifies the sex of the person. specifies the gender of the person. specifies an age group for the person. provides information about one of the personalities identified for a given individual, where an individual has multiple personalities. [14.3.2. The Person Element] specifies a primary role or classification for the persona. specifies the sex of the persona. specifies the gender of the persona. specifies an age group for the persona. (personal group) describes a group of individuals treated as a single person for analytic purposes. [16.2.2. The Participant Description] specifies the role of this group of participants in the interaction. specifies the sex of the participant group. specifies the gender of the participant group. specifies the age group of the participants. describes informally the size or approximate size of the group for example by means of a number and an indication of accuracy e.g. approx 200. (personal pronouns) indicates the personal pronouns used, or assumed to be used, by the individual being described. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics] (evidence) indicates support for the listed personal pronouns. Suggested values include: 1] conjecture (conjecture); 2] selfIdentification (self identification); 3] trustedThirdParty (trusted third party) (conjecture) The given value was selected based on assumptions by someone besides the person to whom this pronoun applies. As a result, the value may be erroneous. (self identification) The given value has been explicitly stated or confirmed by the person to whom this pronoun applies. (trusted third party) The given value has been supplied by another individual trusted by the encoder to know the preferences of the person to whom this pronoun applies. (value) supplies a regularized value for personal pronouns. Sample values include: 1] e (e); 2] he (he); 3] she (she); 4] they (they) (place) contains data about a geographic location. [14.3.4. Places] (residence) describes a person's present or past places of residence. [16.2.2. The Participant Description] characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. Sample values include: 1] primary; 2] secondary; 3] temporary; 4] permanent (sex) specifies the sex of an organism. [14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics] supplies a coded value for sex. (socio-economic status) contains an informal description of a person's perceived social or economic status. [16.2.2. The Participant Description] characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. Sample values include: 1] atBirth; 2] atDeath; 3] dependent; 4] inherited; 5] independent (state) contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization often at some specific time or for a specific date range. [14.3.1. Basic Principles 14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics] (trait) contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization typically, but not necessarily, independent of the volition or action of the holder and usually not at some specific time or for a specific date range. [14.3.1. Basic Principles 14.3.2.1. Personal Characteristics] specifies the date on which the source text was extracted and sent to the translator characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient classification scheme or typology. specifies the version number of the TEI Guidelines against which this document is valid. (text) contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or composite, for example a poem or drama, a collection of essays, a novel, a dictionary, or a corpus sample. [4. Default Text Structure 16.1. Varieties of Composite Text] (text body) contains the whole body of a single unitary text, excluding any front or back matter. [4. Default Text Structure] (text division) contains a subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text. [4.1. Divisions of the Body] (front matter) contains any prefatory matter (headers, abstracts, title page, prefaces, dedications, etc.) found at the start of a document, before the main body. [4.6. Title Pages 4. Default Text Structure] (back matter) contains any appendixes, etc. following the main part of a text. [4.7. Back Matter 4. Default Text Structure] (facsimile) points to one or more images, portions of an image, or surfaces which correspond to the current element. contains or describes any kind of graphic or written signal within a document the function of which is to determine how it should be read rather than forming part of the actual content of the document. [12.3.4.2. Metamarks] describes the function (for example status, insertion, deletion, transposition) of the metamark. identifies one or more elements to which the metamark applies. TEI Lex-0 specific class for providing elements with an attribute describing their extent.